Epistemology

The Principles of Scientific Methodology Any rational intellectual activity requires adherence to the classical principles of scientific methodology: – Knowledge should be presented in the form of separate descriptions of the properties of the investigated and / or designed objects and the processes of their changes; – Intellectual texts cannot contain incorrect terms, logical contradictions, and inconsistencies with facts; – Experts and managers should evaluate knowledge only on the basis of correct discussions of controversial properties of objects between their proponents and opponents. Natural and technical sciences are based on these principles. Compliance with these principles significantly increases the required tension of the intellect and increases the labor intensity of intellectual activity. People avoid stress. Therefore, they, to one degree or another, violate these principles. The application of these principles greatly facilitates the identification of errors

Psychologists say that most businessmen have prim A tive thinking (from the word primate , not to be confused with primitive ). The owners of this type of thinking make decisions, as a rule, on the basis of their intuitive feelings. By analogy with the well-known concept of “political beast”, meaning a politician who instinctively feels the necessary decisions, prim a tive businessmen can be called “managerial beasts”. Intuitive solutions are quite effective in simple cases. In complex problems, especially innovative ones, intuitive solutions often turn out to be ineffective and even unprofitable. Solutions to complex problems can be profitable, most likely if they are accepted on the basis of scientific knowledge and methods. A necessary sign of the scientific nature of knowledge and methods is their compliance with the following classical principles of epistemology: – Present knowledge in the form of separate descriptions of the properties of the studied and designed obj